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actually IP address are cut into classes.
Class A, B, and C. for class A address you get roughly 16 million IP's or something wild like that, class A only have the first octet reserved, 10. Class B has less nodes per network, and class C less, leaving only the final octet for node addresses. furthermore subnets can break those down.
edit: i shouldn't have been so ignorant, there are class D and E address as well, but then we step into a different sector of IP addressing.